THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT free essay sample

A large number of interrelated waste management tasks and their high complexity require a systematic approach to sweepings management. Waste management essay is an integral part of the overall stewardship system. The structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, and processes should be coordinated with work in other areas, for example, in production and economic activities, in the field of public health, etc. Ending the waste management essay introduction, it is necessary to say that this structure alone can not exist, therefore, it should be included in the environmental stewardship system.Stages of the Amplification of a Sweepings Management System in the Second Half of the 20th Century Disposal of waste in small landfills; The end of the 70s: construction of landfills engineering structures with wastewater filtrate purification systems and biogas utilization; 80-is. amplification of a separate collection system for SHW, amplification of the secondary market; 90-is. Processing of solid sweepings with the separation of organic component and its subsequent composting. We will write a custom essay sample on THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The current scheme of waste processing is the sorting of sweepings to remove secondary raw materials, separation of the organic part for composting and solid fractions to be burned or buried. The New Approach to Waste Management The main promise of any speech on waste management is in the fact that the transition from the landfilling of the entire mass of solid domestic sweepings to industrial processing to 50-60% of its weight is the main trend in solving the problem of waste in world practice. It should be understood that the practical solution of industrial sweepings processing is associated with large capital investments, so the construction of industrial waste processing facilities is rather slow.Waste stewardship begins with a change in the look at what household sweepings are. A well-known expert on the waste problem, Paul Connett, has a formulation expressing this new view: Rubbish is not a substance, but the art of mixing together different useful things and objects, thereby determining their place in a landfill.Traditional approaches to the sweepings problem focused on reducing the hazardous impact on the environment by isolating the landfill from groundwater, cleaning emissions from incineration p lants, etc. The basis of the concept of waste management is that the sweepings consist of various components that must not mix with each other, but be disposed of separately from each other in the most economical and environmentally acceptable ways.The system assumes that in addition to traditional methods, waste reduction, recycling and composting (reduce reuse recycle approach) should become an integral part of sweepings management. It is assumed that the combination of several mutually complementary programs and activities, rather than one technology, even the most modern one, can contribute to an effective solution of the waste problem.For each specific region, it is necessary to choose a certain combination of approaches that take into account local experience and local resources. The plan of measures in the sweepings stewardship system is based on the study of the flows of waste generated in different industries (including households), the evaluation of available options, and includes the implementation of small pilot projects that allow gathering information and gaining experience. At present, sweepings management is regulated by separate provisions of laws, regulations, and rules in the field of environmental protection and waste management. A lot of useful information can also be found in the scientific essay on waste disposal. The modern structure of the system of environmental law combines legal regulation of nature stewardship for facilities with functional regulation of environmental protection and environmental safety.Thus, the use of a set of different methods for processing sweepings, focused on regional and sectoral applications, is a waste management system. It should be built in the form of a hierarchical structure in which priority is given to methods that reduce the generation of sweepings , their reuse, and recycling, thereby reducing the volume of waste to be buried or destroyed. Waste Management System Hierarchy The hierarchy begins with the diminution of sweepings at the source. This implies a diminution in the total amount of waste and a decrease in their toxicity and other harmful properties. The diminution of sweepings is achieved by reorienting producers and consumers to products and packaging, resulting in less waste. The next level is recycling. This makes it possible to make full use of materials and reduce the amount of sweepings generated, and also significantly reduce the amount of waste that is consumed in landfills or incineration plants. The third level of recuperation is the processing of materials, including composting of organic matter, melting glass, metal, plastic and other forms of recuperation of useful materials, preventing their disposal. At the same time, recycling is the return of sweepings to the same technological process that led to their formation, and the recuperation is the use of waste after processing, or without it, in other technological processes or to generate energy. The fourth level is the extraction of energy. Incineration reduces the amount of sweepings that enters landfills and can be used to generate electricity. Modern incineration plants are equipped with emission cleaning systems, power generators used in combination with other methods. The fifth level is a burial on polygons. This remains necessary for wastes that are not recyclable, fireproof or combustible with the release of toxic substances. Modern sanitary polygons that meet environmental requirements do not closely resemble the landfills that are familiar to everyone: they are the most complicated engineering structures equipped with water and air pollution control systems that use methane generated during the rotting process to produce heat and electricity. The use of various combinations of recyclization, processing, composting and diminution of sweepings volumes leads to the most efficient functioning of the system and, ultimately, to a diminution in the amount of waste generated. At the same time, the sweepings stewardship structure should be organized in such a way that it has the opportunity to adapt to changing conditions in the economic and technological sphere, that is, to develop and improve as the approaches to management and methods of processing materials change. Elements of flexibility, mobility, and consistency that ensure the amplification of a waste stewardship system based on the results and experience of previous stages of its amplification and operation represent the conditions for its self-development.The concept of creating a sweepings   management system provides for the amplification of a set of related organizational, managerial, legal, regulatory, technical, and economic tools for sweepings management, waste m onitoring, and the implementation of promising scientific developments aimed both at improving the technical level of sweepings processing and on the creation and implementation of low-sweepings   technologies. One of the main directions in this area is the improvement of information support and training of specialists in sweepings management. Objects and Management Methods in the Waste Stewardship System When developing a system of state (and regional) sweepings management, one should proceed from the fact that management objects are all sources of sweepings   generation and their consumers and the controlled impact must be carried out in three strategic areas: creation of conditions for reducing the amount of waste; maintenance of growth of volumes of use of sweepings; creation of ecologically safe conditions of storage and a burial place of a waste. In a market economy, priority should be given to legal, regulatory and economic methods of management, that is, it is possible to use both economic incentive methods and economic impact methods. However, at present, sweepings producers do not bear the full economic and social burden of their destruction, shifting it to society. Therefore, the sweepings producer must compensate for the full social cost of handling waste. Main Principles of Waste Management Systems The basic principles of economic regulation in the field of sweepings stewardship are the following. Reducing the amount of sweepings through the introduction of low- and non-sweepings technologies and the involvement in the economic circulation of waste generated during the production process. However, the recycling of certain types of sweepings is economically unprofitable for one enterprise, since it requires certain efforts to collect and store special technologies and production facilities for their processing. Waste disposal costs. The payment for sweepings disposal is a form of compensation for damage to the environment. Funds are accumulated in the accounts of environmental funds and are used to finance environmental activities. Economic stimulation of activities in the field of sweepings management. The main levers of economic incentives should be tax and credit benefits to those users of natural resources who implement measures for resource saving and transition to clean production.

Dealing With the Check 21 Banking Law

Dealing With the 'Check 21' Banking Law A sweeping new federal banking law known as â€Å"Check 21† will go into effect beginning October 28, speeding up check processing and putting consumers at risk for more bounced checks and fees, warns Consumers Union. The consumer group is advising consumers to keep a careful eye on their bank statements in the coming months and issued a set of tips to avoid some of the law’s potentially negative impacts. â€Å"Check 21 will be a boon for the banks who will save billions of dollars once it’s fully implemented,† said Gail Hillebrand, Senior Attorney with Consumers Union’s West Coast Office in a CU press release. â€Å"Consumers could end up losing out if they’re not careful and if banks use the new law as an excuse to bounce more checks and collect more fees.† Starting October 28, 2004, consumers will discover that their bank account statements will come with fewer – or perhaps none – of their canceled paper checks, as banks begin to process checks electronically. Consumers will enjoy less â€Å"float,† meaning that the checks they write will clear much faster. Under the new law, checks could clear as early as the same day, but banks won’t be under any obligation to make funds from checks that consumers deposit into their accounts available any sooner. That could mean more bounced checks and more overdraft fees paid by consumers. Banks maintain that the law will be implemented gradually, but consumers will begin to experience its effects in the coming months as more and more banks and merchants take advantage of electronic processing and other provisions of the law. So even if a consumer’s bank doesn’t implement Check 21 right away, another bank or merchant that processes the consumer’s check might choose to do so. That means the original check may never be returned to the consumer’s bank so the consumer won’t receive the canceled paper check in their bank statement. And any check the consumer writes might clear as early as the same day. Consumers Union is advising consumers to review their bank statements carefully to get a better sense of how Check 21 is affecting them and offers the following tips to avoid its potential pitfalls: Expect the checks you write to clear faster, but not your deposited checks: Dont write a check unless the funds are already in your account.The checks you write will clear faster, but banks arent required to speed up the time when they make funds available from checks that you deposit.Most banks will credit checks you deposit into your account in one day if the check is local. Deposits that are made through ATMs can take an extra day to be credited to your account.And out-of-town checks you deposit can take additional days to be credited to your account.The best way to ensure that your paycheck will be deposited quickly is to arrange for direct deposit through your workplace. Social Security check recipients can also arrange for direct deposit. (Note: starting in 2013, Social Security stopped issuing paper benefit checks.)Ask for a â€Å"recredit† right in writing if your bank makes a check processing error: If a check you write is paid twice, or paid for the wrong amount, or something else goes wrong with your checking account, you may have the right to â€Å"recredit† under Check 21. This â€Å"recredit† right means that you are entitled to have the funds returned to your account within 10 business days unless the bank proves that there was no error. If something goes wrong with your checking account, make a written request that your bank recredit the funds to your account. Your bank can avoid the 10-day recredit deadline if you did not receive a substitute check.Ask for a substitute check if there is a problem with your account involving a check: Check 21 restricts recredit to consumers who were provided with a substitute check. If there is a problem with your account involving a check, always ask for a substitute check, which is a special kind of copy of your paper check. If you now get your original checks back, you could ask for an account that returns substitute checks every month. If your bank charges too much for an account that returns substitute checks every month, look for another bank.Find out how your bank plans to treat you under Check 21: Not all banks plan to implement Check 21 in the same manner. Find out if your bank will give you a substitute check if you ask for one and if it plans to charge customers an extra fee for a substitute check. And find out if your bank places a hold on your deposits so you can take steps to avoid bouncing checks and paying overdraft fees once the checks you write start to clear more quickly under Check 21. A fact sheet on the Check 21 law is available at:  federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/regcc-faq-check21.htm

ECONIMIC CONCEPTS-GLOBAL CUSTOMERS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECONIMIC CONCEPTS-GLOBAL CUSTOMERS - Coursework Example This means that by resorting to produce a chicken, Michelle would forego the value of producing 4 pounds of potato. Answer 3 The opportunity cost of James of potato producing is (=40/80), i.e. ? chicken per pound of potato. Thus by producing 1 pound of potato, James would forgo the value of producing ? number of chicken per year. Answer 4 The opportunity cost of chickens production for James is (=80/40), i.e. 2 pounds of potato per chicken. This means that James would forgo the value of producing 2 pounds of potato for choosing to produce 1 chicken. Answer 5 The absolute advantage of the activities of producing potatoes and chickens by Michelle and James could be determined by comparing their production of chickens and potatoes per unit time, i.e. 1 year. This could be determined from the table given below. Â   Potatoes (pounds) Chickens (nos.) Michelle 200 50 James 80 40 It could be observed that Michelle could produce 4 pounds of potato per chicken in one year while James could pr oduce 2 pounds of potato per chicken in the same time period. For producing both potatoes and chickens, Michelle has an absolute benefit compared to James in the volume of potatoes and the number of chicken produced by them in one year. Answer 6 The comparative advantage would be attained if the opportunity cost is lower as compared to that of the others. ... This means that James have attained comparative advantage over Michelle as he has sacrificed lesser value as compared to Michelle for producing chickens. Answer 8 Assuming Michelle specializes in producing potatoes and James specializes in producing chickens, a trading rate of 2.5 pounds of potatoes in exchange of 1 unit of chicken would help to determine whether it’s better off for them. This trading rate is better than the opportunity cost of 1 chicken for 4 pounds of potato produced by Michelle. Thus Michelle would be better off in trading with his specialization. Also, the trading rate is better than 2 pounds of potato for 1 chicken produced by James. Thus James would also be better off in this situation. Answer 9 The above findings could be narrated to the business, society and the nations, at large to effect use of trade theory that explain the difference between absolute advantage and the comparative advantage. It has been observed that although James does not hold abso lute advantage in production of either potatoes or chickens, he has still been able to attain a better off position in trading of chickens. This is because James has focused on his specialized area where he holds a comparative advantage over Michelle. The same is applicable to the business, society and the nations. The business, society and the nations which lag in their production volumes per unit time as compared to others may not hold absolute advantage over others. The benefits of trade, however, do not depend on the absolute advantage but depends on the comparative advantage (Maneschi, 1998). By specializing on trade in which entities have comparative

Explain how John Steinbeck promotes agonistic and secular humanism and Essay

Explain how John Steinbeck promotes agonistic and secular humanism and give examples in The Grapes of Wrath - Essay Example As a result the wages are pulled down and many go unemployed. Those who are lucky enough to be hired are exploited thoroughly. Although the novel is an indictment against the fallacy of capitalist utopia, it does not gravitate toward a Marxist position. To the extent that Steinbeck accepts bitter realities of life in the United States without resorting to political and economic ideologies is evidence for the agonist in the author. Moreover, by showcasing virtue and resilience in the face of adversity, Steinbeck hints at poverty's noble connotations, which resonates with the message of the Holy Bible. Strengthening the case for the novel's biblical inspirations, the name of one of the Joad family members is Rose of Sharon. But it would be simplistic to classify The Grapes of Wrath as a Christian novel, for it deals with universal human concerns and universal avenues for salvation. Steinbeck makes it clear that such salvation is not an event in afterlife, but one accessible during the course of life itself. The last scene of the story, where Rose of Sharon, upon seeing the miserable starvation of an old man, offers him her breast milk (which her stillborn baby could not have).

McDonald's No Longer the 'Great American Meal' Case Study

McDonald's No Longer the 'Great American Meal' - Case Study Example The company's rapid expansion (in the 1990s, McDonald's opened a new restaurant every eight hours) affected its food and service quality although these were supposed to be the McDonalds' selling points. In the 1990s, while competitors were coming up with new and healthier food options, McDonald's was still unable to produce truly innovative products as they were still thinking about how to sell more products rather than what they could sell to their customers. The lack in product innovation that did not help with marketing efforts, the company's franchisees sales were also affected as they could not keep up competitor offerings and the establishment of the Consortium hurt the dynamics of the franchise model. One area the increased fast food competition in the fast food industry affected McDonald's was through the company's price-based strategy. By marketing products below the cost to prepare the item, the company cannot sustain this tactical campaign for long if the competitors have a cost advantage. For marketing purposes, instead of promoting McDonald's new locations, the focus could be on customer demographics. For example, Burger King pursues promotional partnerships with Universal Studios and other production companies like AOL Time Warner and Dream Works because their core demographic includes young adults who enjoy movies and the entertainment industry.

Physiological Effects Of Chronic Stress On Personality Psychology Essay

Physiological Effects Of Chronic Stress On Personality Psychology Essay Stress can cause physical effects to a persons body and mind. Stress may have an effect on blood pressure, blood sugar levels, increased heartbeat, and a lower digestive rate. On a physical level stress can produce shoulder, back, and neck muscle tension, stomach and bowel upset, and if the stressful state persists over a long period of time it can lead to the weakening of the immune system (What are the Effects of Stress, 2007). Stress affects a person psychologically by causing a decrease in concentration, moodiness, irritability, quick temper, unreasonable anger, less memory recall, less patience difficulty making decisions, and uncertainty towards the future due to not being able to cope with the present. If stress continues for a long period of time, it may lead to depression, crying, apathy, overall sense of doom, fear of failure, and a loss of confidence (What are the Effects of Stress, 2007). There have been many studies done that have researched the effects of stress on the mind and body. The causes of stress and the effects that it has on a persons mind and body are numerous. Some of these will be looked at in detail here. Job stress is one that can lead to various system dysfunctions, but until now no reliable biomarkers for its assessment have been identified. Allostatic load (AL) is an index that allows the cumulative effect on the body of chronic stress to be reviewed, and is derived from a set of relevant biological measures. In a study done by Sun, Wang, Zhang and Li (2007), a 13-parameter index was used to examine the relationship between job strain and AL. Participants were 1219 healthy Chinese employees. Job strain was measured using the Job Content Questionnaire, and AL was assessed by various possible stress responses, including blood pressure, cholesterol, indicators of glucose metabolism, and hormone and inflammation markers. AL in the high job strain group differed sharply from that in the low job strain group. The AL score was positively linked with age and educational level. Several individual factors also differed between the two groups. Men scored considerably higher on AL and cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes, whereas for women the associations appeared in the biological indicators. Analyses showed that decision latitude (DL) and job demands were extensively related to AL. Job demands connected significantly with the primary biological indicators and DL with the secondary health outcomes. The conclusion of this study provided evidence of the value of measuring allostatic load in assessing the chronic effects of job stress. Job strain was positively and significantly associated with higher body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum levels of TG, TC/HDL, and overnight excretion of cortisol. It was also found that long-term chronic stress may lead to neuroendocrine perturbations that may have consequences for blood pressure and obesity (Sun, Wang, Zhang and Li, 2007). Nursing is an emotionally demanding job and this contributes to interactive stress and to the daily stress of nurses work. In addition, stress leads to more emotion focused coping which is not constructive and causes nurses to seek social support. Stress is a normal reaction to a range of circumstances but can have negative consequences, one of which is emotional exhaustion; it has been demonstrated that factors leading to stress, such as increasing patient load, also lead to emotional exhaustion. The aim of a study done by Watson, Gardiner, Hogston, Gibson, Stimpson, Wrate and Deary, 2009), was to examine how a range of demographic, personal, circumstantial/environmental factors and stress contribute to differences in psychological distress in newly qualified nurses and nursing students. Psychological distress, stress levels and life events are all associated within time and across time. It was shown that life events and stress contributed significantly to psychological distress. S tress, adverse life events, individual traits and psychological distress are all interrelated. The first scientific report regarding physiologic responses to stress was actually submitted in response to Walter Cannons study on the results of stress on the esophagus in 1896. It was during his first year as a Harvard medical student, he had been given the task to investigate the mechanisms of swallowing by taking advantage of the newly discovered Roentgen rays. These x-rays could show a faint image of inner body structures using a fluoroscope, but it was essential to sit in a very dark room or wear red goggles to get the best pictures. Cannon included bismuth in foods since it was opaque and blocked x-rays, which noticeably improved his ability to differentiate the peristaltic motion of waves that progressively propelled the contents of the gut forward. Bismuth was subsequently replaced by barium sulfate, which was less toxic, and is still used in GI series, barium enemas and other x-ray imaging procedures today (Rosch, 2007). His study showed that there was a definite connectio n between stress and the way in which the esophagus functioned. Chronic psychosocial stress can lead to a destructive, self-perpetuating cascade of neuroendocrine, metabolic, inflammatory, and neuropsychological changes that promote the development of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), atherosclerosis, and ultimately, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic stress and related psychosocial factors can exert a powerful influence on the pathogenesis of both IRS and CVD. Given the importance of neuropsychological factors and sympathetic activation in the development of insulin-resistant states and the synergistic, mutually exacerbating effects of these and other IRS-related risk factors, mind-body therapies may have considerable potential in the prevention and management of CVD (Innes, Vincent and Taylor, 2007). Anxiety and tension encourage the release of stress hormones like adrenaline, norepinephrine and cortisol into the body. This is fine when dealing with short-term stressors, but when a person sustains a high stress level for an extended time, these hormones begin to interfere with the bodys natural healing abilities. Over an extended period of time, a high level of stress can weaken tendons and ligaments, thin bones, cause muscle spasms, elevate blood pressure, increase cholesterol production and disrupt digestion, among many other negative effects (Dennis, 2004). Recent studies have shown that stress or distress may have a significant effect on the onset, the course, and the management of many, if not all, diseases. Being able to understand a patients underlying stress physiology and coping mechanisms may help physicians to better understand various clinical disorders and treat their manifested symptoms (Selhub, 2002). The primary-care physician can learn to address and recognize distress by first understanding the concept of stress itself. Not just a result of medical illness, stress is ever present. In the workplace, while driving, while speaking on the phone, while visiting the doctors office, or while watching world events transpire on television, individuals experience stress or feel threatened daily. These threats or stressors can be as minor as a change in the weather and the threat of being late, to more severe stressors, such as physical or emotional trauma or abuse. The mind does not distinguish between physical, psychological, or emotional threats and every time a threat is perceived, the physical response is virtually automatic; a response that is activated in order to help the individual adapt to stressors and survive. In fact, stress and the stress response are inherent to life. The response helps individuals rise out of bed in the morning, prevents them from being late to work, and a llows them to be accomplished and to succeed. The response enables wounds to heal, athletes to run marathons, and individuals to survive traumas (Selhub, 2002). Often, the stress response is neither well regulated nor contained and pathological consequences arise. Constant elevations in blood pressure and blood volume can result in wall thickening and tears. Excess production of fatty acids and glucose may lead to deposition in these tears and formation of atherosclerotic plaques, eventually resulting in atherosclerotic heart disease. Constant muscle tension and/or inflammatory activation may instigate various pain and musculoskeletal disorders. Chronic production of cortisol can lead to immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to infection and, some believe, tumors. Lack of blood flow to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and an increase in hydrochloric acid secretion may result in destruction of mucosal wall barriers and formation of peptic ulcer disease. Continuous production of cortisol may also decrease the availability of tryptophan, the precursor for serotonin, resulting in depression, other mood disorders, and changes in appetite and sleep. Hyperactivity of the stress response has been implicated in the pathophysiology of melancholic depression, anxiety, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, and cardiovascular disease. Conversely, hyporeactivity of the stress response has been associated with disorders such as atypical depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, hypothyroidism, and obesity (Selhub, 2002). It has been shown that there is a definite connection between chronic stress and physical and psychological responses in the body. Stress in small amounts is fine, but chronic stress over a long extended period of time has been shown to manifest itself in a number of different physical and physiological aliments. It is believed by many experts that people should take steps to decrease their stress levels in order to fight off the ailments that are sure to follow.

Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay -- ADR Business Management Negoti

Alternative Dispute Resolution Consider carefully the facts of the case study and advise Eagle Aviation Ltd. and Aircraft Ltd. of the alternatives to litigation in the ordinary courts and the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative form of ADR. This submission will identify and define each form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) including each of the forms advantages and disadvantages. It will also compare and contrast each form of ADR and consider which form or forms would be beneficial to both Eagle Aviation Ltd and Aircraft Ltd Alternative Dispute Resolution or ADR can be defined as â€Å"any method of resolving a legal problem without resorting to the legal process† (Darbyshire, 2001). ADR is now becoming more and more favorable particularly within the court system as an alternative to traditional forms of litigation (Practice Statement [1994] 1 ALL ER 34, Cresswell, J) (Practice Note [1996] 3 ALL ER 383 this is as litigation is a process that can be costly, time consuming and complicated, therefore ADR is an alternative which can be useful to all parties involved. The leading forms of ADR are; Arbitration, mediation, conciliation and negotiation. ADR is not legally binding with the exception of Arbitration, however in Mediation when a solution has been reached and agreed by each party once it has been written and signed by the parties involved it does then become a legally binding document. ADR will only be successful if both parties involved are in agreement with the outcome this of course can become increasingly difficult if the parties refuse to speak to each other, In these cases litigation may be the only viable solution, however ADR is ideal where it is important that each party maintains an unblemished relationship with the other party involved this is especially important within the business community. Arbitration is one of the oldest forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) it is governed by the 1996 Arbitration Act (AA) and is part of the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS). The Act states in Section One that the object of Arbitration is â€Å"to obtain the fair resolution of disputes by an impartial tribunal without necessary delay or expense† (Slapper and Kelly, 2003) Arbitration can only transpire if both parties involved agree to it, it is the only form of ADR t... ...ional decision without the situation getting out of hand. Each party will in turn be able to state what they feel is the nature of the dispute before negotiating a suitable outcome. Negotiation is slightly different to Conciliation and Mediation as the person negotiating acts on ‘your’ behalf and represents and looks after ‘your’ interests, a successful negotiator will be able to reach a conclusion where they are able to achieve most of their parties wishes but without causing the other party to feel they have lost and therefore detach themselves from the rest of the negotiation process and then choose to pursue a litigation option. Conciliation can be seen as a form of Mediation in fact some people say that the only difference between them is that Conciliators have more power than Mediators as they can â€Å"suggest grounds for compromise and the possible basis for a conclusive agreement† (Slapper and Kelly, 2001). Conciliation like Arbitration is part of ACAS and like Mediation tries to allow parties to decide an outcome between them that suits them both, however it does not always guarantee that a dispute will be settled and will not proceed to litigation anyway.

Economics Unit †housing prices from different cities Essay

The cost of housing is commonly the reflection of the value of the land plus the price of the house and the amenities that come with it. This is often affected by what’s around the place, the nearest recreation areas or sceneries. This affects how housing is priced, and is also usually affected by the supply and demand of the land. Because of this, there are various considerations when choosing where to have a house, including the total costs and what you’ll actually get from it. Usually, these prices also vary from city to city, as it is known that not all cities are the same regarding what you get from the housing deals, like the nearest public transportation, market, and schools. These all appeals to the needs of the people, and these are usually the ones that affect the pricing. The housing prices are directly affected by the changes in supply and demand of the land. This is because of the developments done in housing, wherein house prices are thoroughly based on the value of the amenities that are directly available in the neighborhood (Nelson). Because of this increase in demand, there will be an increase in the competition for the houses, since there are a lot of people wanting the same thing, and that is a good housing. As a number of residents are acquiring homes, the more the managers of the land would try and make sure to provide benefits for these residents. This includes additional security, recreation areas and shopping areas for the people. They are not only investing on the housing that they are being sold, but also with the things that come with it that would surely benefit the people. This is how the housing value is affected when there is an increase in demand: it is not only because you have to increase the price when a lot of people demand for housing in a specific city or area, it is also because of the increase in the services that one should provide for these increasing number of residents. The cost of those additional amenities would then be reflected in the housing price: the more amenities offered, the higher the price (Duca). Comparison of different cities In order to actually see how amenities affect the price of housing, the housing situations in various cities are compared. This is by comparing the price of a 3-bedroom, 2-bath house in several cities like San Francisco, California; Topeka, Kansas; Dallas, Texas; Concord, Massachusetts; and Seattle, Washington. The results for the housing prices in these different cities were varying, and it is because of the added amenities that you can find available upon purchase, plus the neighborhood and the type of house. The most obvious result was between the housing of a 3-bedroom, 2-bath house in San Francisco, California and Dallas, Texas. The cost of housing in San Francisco, California ranges from $600,000 to a million US dollars. Meanwhile, the cost of housing in Dallas, Texas for a 3-bedroom, 2-bath house ranges from $40,000 to a hundred thousand US dollars (Realtor. com). The difference is quite large, and this is roughly because of the amenities that are included upon purchasing these houses. Housing in Dallas, Texas doesn’t offer much, wherein it is far from public transportation, and are often in subdivision areas. On the other hand, housing in San Francisco, California has amenities like community exercise and recreation areas, hill/mountain view, Water view, and so much more. Because of those differences, the prices of these housing deals are comparatively far from each other. These differences in housing deals give the people choices, wherein they are free to choose what type of amenities they want in their house. Also this variety would give them a wide array of choices, either wanting a plain, not so costly house, or to a fully-packed house that would surely cost them money. Other amenities present (or lacking) in some of the houses in various cities which could have affected their prices includes access to shopping areas/markets, nearby elementary or high schools, parks and recreation areas, and the type and quality of the house itself. With all these, the price the housing offered in the various cities is greatly varying. References: Duca, J. V. (2005, September/October 2005). Making Sense of Elevated Housing Prices. Southwest Economy Retrieved May 5, 2007, from http://www. dallasfed. org/research/swe/2005/swe0505b. html Nelson, A. C. (2000 ). Effects of Urban Containment on Housing Prices and Landowner Behavior. Land Lines, Volume 12(Number 3). Realtor. com. (2007). Find A Home. Retrieved May 5, 2007, from http://www. realtor. com/Default. aspx

Animal testing Essay examples

Animal testing Essay examples Animal testing Essay examples Animal Testing Testing on live animals should be illegal. This is because; testing on animals is harmful and inhumane, there are alternate test subjects rather than animals, and animals and humans are different, so the testing done may not actually prove safe on humans. Animals are not the only subjects that could be tested on for beauty products or cleaning products; there are other, and more humane ways to test products. For example, instead of testing a living being, try using a human cell. Because, the cell is human, and not animals, it would give a more accurate result rather than almost the same result. Another alternative is testing on artificial human skin. It might not be real skin, but at least it saves one more animal. One last approach to testing is using models on computers or a virtual experiment. With advanced technology today, it is not impossible to recreate a human and â€Å"test† the toxicity of a product electronically. The last reason why animals should not be used is they are not humans. Although, animals are the closet organisms to humans, a product that is proven safe on a hamster may not have the same affect on a 20-year-old woman. When doing trials for make-up on animals, putting mascara on their fur may cause a rash but when putting it on eyelashes of a girl, it could leave blisters or nothing at all. Because humans and animals have so many differences, both species react differently. With diversity in features, skin, and structure,

TransAsia plane crashes in Taiwan river

TransAsia plane crashes in Taiwan river A TransAsia Airways plane carrying 53 people, including two children and five crew members, crashed in a river in Taiwan’s capital. At Least 13 People killed and Carrier loses the second aircraft in last 8 months. The first deadly incident for TransAsia in the past   year    was a plane   crashed July 23 near the airport at Magong on Taiwan’s Penghu island during a thunderstorm. As a result, 48 deaths and 10 people were injured. A TransAsia plane crashed shortly Wednesday morning and fall into a river just minutes after takeoff.  TransAsia Flight GE235, an ATR 72-600 turboprop, took off from Taipei at around 10.53am and was on its way to the island of Kinmen when the incident    happened. At least   27 people have been rescued from the plane’s wreckage. A number of people have been sent to the hospital, and the death toll has been steadily rising throughout the day. According to CNA, 31 passengers aboard the flight were Chinese tourists from Xiamen. A TransAsia media office declined to comment on possible reasons for the crash, deferring to a news conference scheduled for later on Wednesday. The causes of the disaster were not immediately clear but FlightRadar24.com, a specialist website, said the      plane had attempted to   turn back before its crash and had been in the air for less than three minutes. TransAsia Airways CEO Chen Xinde told reporters that TransAsia Airways expressed its deep apology to the victims and our crew. Dramatic pictures taken by a motorist and posted on Twitter showed the plane cartwheeling over the motorway soon after the turboprop ATR 72-600 aircraft took off in apparently clear weather on a domestic flight. Another video broadcast on Taiwanese television appeared to show the plane striking a bridge before crashing. Rescue operations are ongoing and first responders in rubber boats are currently trying to enter the aircraft.

Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Micro economics - Essay Example Choice and revealed preference are two important factors affecting consumer demand Economic aspect looks at decision making of households. It is more concerned with demand and supply and the effect of changing prices on the former two. Marketing approach looks at not just the impact of price but also of promotions, advertising, distribution, branding etc. Economic concepts hold the condition of cetrus paribus (all else held constant). They assume that the consumer is rational and will not make un practical decisions. The marketing aspect includes the effect of emotions, feelings, point of purchase advertising material etc. They assume that the consumer can be affected something as small as the music being played in a shop. They assume that consumers can even make irrational decisions as according to the concept impulse buying. Economics is all about making choices. People make choices because they cant have everything they want. Whenever a choice is made, something is given up. The opportunity cost of that choice is the value of the best alternative given up. People whose wants are satisfied by using goods and services are called consumers. To make efficient decisions - decisions that provide the greatest possible return from the resources available, people and society must weigh the benefits and costs of using their resources to do more of some things, and less of others. The Economic approach goes into the demand and supply details. It looks at household buying power and savings. It also looks at spousal control in household buying decisions. The decision making framework (under uncertainity) is characterized as Consumer economics is also included in this area of economics. It is a broad field, principally concerned with microeconomic analysis behavior in units of consumers, families, or individuals (in contrast to traditional economics, which primarily government or business units). It sometimes also encompasses family financial planning and

Computer Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Crimes - Essay Example A foreign terrorist, who launched the attack to cause billions of dollars in damage to the U.S. economy, is pointing towards the incident of 9/11 on The World Trade Center in America. America suspects that the attack on World Trade Center was a pre-planned assault by the foreign terrorists. Foreign terrorist with the help of computer gets the details of the plane and moreover programmed the plan in a matter that it's all breaks get failed, the satellite settings for the plane to give signals on airport were cut off and nothing can stop the plan from hitting the twin tower, the World Trade Center at day time when the building was in full bloomed with people. This hit not only damages the buildings and gave the loss of billions of money but also destroys the number of American families. This was a crucial computer terrorism spread all over the world. Criminals for such kind of crimes should not only stay far from the computer but they should stay away from their loved ones as they sepa rate many American family members. They must be kept in the jail for all life long in a place where they can’t see the world or can hear what is going around. To cure from such crimes, state should be strict before allowing immigrants to pass the immigration for the country.